亚洲区域海—陆—气相互作用对全球和亚洲气候变化的作用研究进展   总被引：13，自引：4，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

李建平  任荣彩  齐义泉  王法明  陆日宇  张培群  江志红  段晚锁  于非  杨永增 《大气科学》2013,37(2):518-538

围绕全球变化研究国家重大研究计划项目“亚洲区域海—陆—气相互作用机理及其在全球变化中的作用”预定的总体研究内容和科学目标,项目执行两年多以来,取得了一系列阶段性科研成果.关于气候动力学方面,项目揭示了热带印度洋—西太平洋暖池的海温变化是全球热带气候年代际变化的重要驱动力,是全球尺度副热带干旱的重要调控器;发现热带东太平洋海温存在冷舌模态,它是一个海气耦合模态,阐明在全球变暖背景下其对ENSO型态变异的作用及影响东亚气候的机理;揭示了青藏高原热力强迫的异常特征及其气候效应;提出了水平非均匀基流中行星波传播的理论,研究了其在不同东亚夏季风背景下的传播特征.关于气候预测方法方面,提出了若干有物理基础的气候预测方法,如尺度分离的降尺度预测新方法、基于北大西洋涛动(NAO)-ENSO的东亚夏季风预测模型、基于南半球环状模的东亚气候预测模型等,为业务部门提供了重要参考.关于观测方面,项目在亚洲区域海气补充观测和海洋资料同化方面也取得突出进展,成功进行了南海18°N断面海洋综合观测,为形成我国第一条南海断面长期海气观测打下了基础.在国际合作方面,项目还继续推动和领导了“亚洲季风年”(AMY2007-2012)与“东亚气候模拟”国际计划,提升了我国在该领域的国际地位.  相似文献   

基于SPEI的中国西南地区1961-2012年干旱变化特征分析   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

熊光洁  张博凯  李崇银  尚可政  王式功 《气候变化研究进展》2013,(3):192-198

利用1961—2012年中国西南地区86个气象站逐月降水量和平均气温资料,引入一个新的干旱指数——标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI)作为干旱等级划分指标,研究了1961—2012年该地区不同时间尺度干旱的变化特征。结果表明:该地区12个月尺度干旱频率在云贵交界区呈显著增加趋势,其他区域变化不显著且不一致;少雨期(11—4月)6个月尺度干旱频率在全区显著增加,而在多雨期(5—10月)大部分区域干旱频率呈缓慢减少趋势,减少最明显的区域在四川南部;3个月尺度干旱频率在春季变化不明显,在秋季和冬季显著增加,其中2000—2012年的增加趋势尤为显著,干旱化趋势严重。  相似文献   

Observational Zonal Mean Flow Anomalies: Vacillation or Poleward Propagation?          下载免费PDF全文

SONG Jie 《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,6(1):1-7

North-south displacements and meridional vacillations of the eddy-driven jet are widely accepted as the dominant cause of variability of the observational zonal-mean zonal wind anomalies(denoted [u]’).In this study,a new idea regarding the primary variability of the observational [u]’ in the middle latitude troposphere is presented.It is hypothesized that there are two different classes of primary variability of the observational [u]’:the poleward propagation of the [u]’(abbreviated as PP) and meridional vacillations.To validate this hypothesis,one-point correlation maps of [u]’ at 200-hPa during the boreal cold season(November-April) of every year from 1957-2002 are used as a criterion.Twelve PP years,in which the PP events are dominant in the variability of [u]’,and 15 no_PP years,in which the PP events are recessive and the meridional vacillations are dominant in the variability of [u]’,are examined.The results show that the variabilities of [u]’ are different in the chosen PP and no_PP years.In the PP years,the PP events dominate the variability of [u]’;however,the meridional vacillations are prevalent in the no_PP years.  相似文献   

1953～2017年黄河源区气温变化的多尺度特征     

冯晓莉  刘彩红  林鹏飞  白文蓉  余迪 《气候与环境研究》2020,25(3):333-344

基于黄河源区8个站点的年平均气温序列,利用集合经验模态分解（Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition,EEMD）方法,揭示了以玛多站为代表的黄河源区1953~2017年气温演变的多时间尺度特征,探讨不同时间尺度上的周期振荡对气温变化总体特征的影响程度,分析了黄河源区不同时间尺度的气温变化与海温指数,尤其是与北大西洋多年代际振荡（Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation,AMO）间的关系。结果表明:（1）1953年以来黄河源区玛多站年平均气温以0.31 ℃/10 a的变化率表现为明显的增暖趋势,20世纪80年代后期开始转暖,尤其是进入20世纪90年代后期变暖更加明显。（2）1953~2017年,黄河源区年平均气温呈现3 a、6 a、11 a、25 a、64 a及65 a以上时间尺度的准周期变化,其中以准3 a和65 a以上时间尺度的振荡最显著,准3 a的年际振荡在21世纪以前振幅较大,而进入21世纪后年际振荡振幅减弱,65 a以上时间尺度的年代际振荡振幅明显加大。（3）1998年气候显著变暖以前,以准3 a周期为代表的年际振荡在气温演变过程中占据主导地位,1998年气候显著变暖以后,65 a以上时间尺度周期振荡的贡献率增加近5倍,与准3 a周期振荡的贡献相当。（4）气温与Nino3.4指数和PDO（Pacific Decadal Oscillation）指数的同期相关均不显著,但当气温领先PDO指数22 a时正相关最大且显著,不同于PDO指数,气温原始序列及其3个年代际尺度分量滞后AMO指数3~7 a或二者同期时相关性最高,这就意味着AMO对黄河源区气温具有显著影响。（5）AMO的正暖位相对应着包括中国的整个东亚地区偏暖,黄河源区只是受影响区域的一部分,20世纪60年代至90年代初期AMO的负冷位相期、20世纪90年代中后期至今AMO的正暖位相与黄河源区气温距平序列的负距平、正距平相对应,气温在65 a以上时间尺度的变化与AMO指数相关性更高,可见,AMO是影响黄河源区气温变化的一个重要的气候振荡,这种影响主要表现在年代际时间尺度上。  相似文献   

副热带东亚季风区一次穿透性对流过程影响下平流层成分变化的个例分析     

孙宁  周天军  郭准  李普曦 《大气科学》2020,44(6):1155-1166

穿透性对流是导致北半球夏季平流层低层南亚高压内水汽极值形成的重要机制之一,关于副热带东亚季风区穿透性对流是否对平流层低层水汽等物质分布存在影响目前尚不清楚。本文选取2016年的武汉暴雨事件,采用Cloudsat和Aura Microwave Limb Sounder（MLS）卫星数据,分析了东亚季风区的穿透性对流活动对上对流层/下平流层物质分布的影响。利用CloudSat卫星资料云分类产品和Aura MLS卫星数据联合分析武汉暴雨过程中捕捉到1次穿透性对流事件,该事件发生于2016年7月4日05时（协调世界时）的穿透性对流,中心位于海上梅雨带区域。分析表明,这次对流穿透事件对上对流层/下平流层物质分布有显著影响,穿透性对流活动影响到对流层顶以上的物质分布,具体表现是:首先,穿透性对流显著减少了局地对流层顶附近的臭氧含量,较之气候态对流层顶臭氧含量偏少32.53%;其次,穿透性对流能够增加局地对流层顶附近的水汽混合比含量,它通过更多的云冰粒子蒸发来增强局地平流层水汽含量,同时通过更强的垂直水汽输送来直接加湿平流层。此次穿透性对流事件对水汽变化影响较之对臭氧含量变化的影响更为显著,它使得对流层顶水汽混合比增加近乎一倍（98.15%）。因此,副热带东亚季风区的穿透性对流活动对于对流层向平流层的物质输送起着重要的作用。  相似文献   

Initial condition and parameter estimation in physical 'on–off' processes by variational data assimilation     

JIAFENG WANG †  MU MU  QIN ZHENG 《地球，A辑:动力气象学与海洋学》2005,57(5):736-741

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Diffusion Characteristics of Swells in the North Indian Ocean     

Zheng  Chongwei  Liang  Bingchen  Chen  Xuan  Wu  Guoxiang  Sun  Xiaofang  Yao  Jinglong 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2020,19(3):479-488

Research on the diffusion characteristics of swells contributes positively to wave energy forecasting, swell monitoring, and early warning. In this work, the South Indian Ocean westerly index(SIWI) and Indian Ocean swell diffusion effect index(IOSDEI) are defined on the basis of the 45-year(September 1957–August 2002) ERA-40 wave reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) to analyze the impact of the South Indian Ocean westerlies on the propagation of swell acreage. The following results were obtained: 1) The South Indian Ocean swell mainly propagates from southwest to northeast. The swell also spreads to the Arabian Sea upon reaching low-latitude waters. The 2.0-meter contour of the swell can reach northward to Sri Lankan waters. 2) The size of the IOSDEI is determined by the SIWI strength. The IOSDEI requires approximately 2–3.5 days to fully respond to the SIWI. The correlations between SIWI and IOSDEI show obvious seasonal differences, with the highest correlations found in December–January–February(DJF) and the lowest correlations observed in June–July–August(JJA). 3) The SIWI and IOSDEI have a common period of approximately 1 week in JJA and DJF. The SIWI leads by approximately 2–3 days in this common period.  相似文献   

潮汐对瞬态气候响应模拟的影响研究     

于溢  刘海龙  林鹏飞  兰健 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(1):52-62

In this study, the impact of oceanic processes on the sensitivity of transient climate change is investigated using two sets of coupled experiments with and without tidal forcing, which are termed Exp_Tide and Exp_Control,respectively. After introducing tidal forcing, the transient climate response(TCR) decreases from 2.32 K to 1.90 K,and the surface air temperature warming at high latitudes decreases by 29%. Large ocean heat uptake efficiency and heat storage can explain the low TCR in Exp_Tide. Approximately 21% more heat is stored in the ocean in Exp_Tide(1.10×10~(24) J) than in Exp_Control(0.91×10~(24) J). Most of the large ocean warming occurs in the upper 1 000 m between 60°S and 60°N, primarily in the Atlantic and Southern Oceans. This ocean warming is closely related to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation(AMOC). The initial transport at mid-and high latitudes and the decline in the AMOC observed in Exp_Tide are both larger than those observed in Exp_Control. The spatial structures of AMOC are also different with and without tidal forcing in present experiments. The AMOC in Exp_Tide has a large northward extension. We also investigated the relationship between AMOC and TCR suggested by previous studies using the present experiments.  相似文献   

Dominant climate factors influencing the Arctic runoff and association between the Arctic runoff and sea ice     

LI Pixue  ZHANG Zhanhai  LIU Jiping 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(5):10-20

By using the Arctic runoff data from R-ArcticNET V4.0 and ArcticRIMS, trends of four major rivers flowing into the Arctic Ocean, whose climate factor plays an important role in determining the variability of the Arctic runoff, are investigated. The results show that for the past 30 years, the trend of the Arctic runoff is seasonally dependent. There is a significant trend in spring and winter and a significant decreasing trend in summer, leading to the reduced seasonal cycle. In spring, surface air temperature is the dominant factor influencing the four rivers. In summer, precipitation is the most important factor for Lena and Mackenzie, while snow cover is the most important factor for Yenisei and Ob. For Mackenzie, atmospheric circulation does play an important role for all the seasons, which is not the case for the Eurasian rivers. The authors further discuss the relationships between the Arctic runoff and sea ice. Significant negative correlation is found at the mouth of the rivers into the Arctic Ocean in spring, while significant positive correlation is observed just at the north of the mouths of the rivers into the Arctic in summer. In addition, each river has different relationship with sea ice in the eastern Greenland Sea.  相似文献   

改进的CLDAS降水驱动对中国区域积雪模拟的影响评估   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

师春香  张帅  孙帅  姜立鹏  梁晓  贾炳浩  吴捷 《气象》2018,44(8):985-997

积雪因为其特定的属性在气候变化和水文循环中扮演着重要角色,在大气和陆面之间起到了调节能量和水交换的显著作用,而陆面驱动数据的质量直接决定着模式对积雪的模拟效果。本文采用CLDAS(CMA Land Data Assimilation System)和改进后的降水驱动(CLDAS-Prcp)分别驱动Noah3.6陆面模式对积雪变量进行模拟,并对中国主要的积雪区东北区域、新疆区域、青藏高原区域的积雪覆盖率、雪深、雪水当量的模拟效果进行了评估。结果表明,CLDAS-Prcp改善了原有驱动在冬季由于低估降水所造成的模拟积雪量偏少的情况;东北区域模拟结果与观测的时间变率最为一致,积雪覆盖率、雪深、雪水当量的相关系数分别为0.42,0.78,0.93;而雪水当量的改进效果最明显,均方根误差和偏差分别减小了54.8%和83.1%,相关系数提高了0.47;同时,CLDAS-Prcp不仅能反映积雪变量的年际变率,而且能够较准确地反映出强度较大的突发降雪事件。  相似文献